What is metabolic syndrome?
A cluster of
risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, which
occur together more often than by chance alone.
The risk factors include
·
raised blood pressure,
· dyslipidemia (raised
triglycerides and lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol),
·
raised fasting glucose,
·
central obesity.
How to diagnose?
Various
diagnostic criteria have been proposed by different organizations over the past
decade. Most recently, these have come from the
· International Diabetes
Federation
· American Heart
Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
The main
difference concerns the measure for central obesity, with this being an
obligatory component in the International Diabetes Federation definition, lower
than in the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute criteria, and ethnic specific.
Three
abnormal findings out of 5 would qualify a person for the metabolic syndrome.
| Measure |
Categorical Cut Points |
|
| 1 |
Elevated waist circumference* |
Population- and country-specific definitions |
| 2 |
Elevated triglycerides (drug treatment for elevated
triglycerides is an alternate indicator†) |
≥150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L) |
| 3 |
Reduced HDL-C (drug treatment for reduced HDL-C is an alternate
indicator†) |
<40 mg/dL (1.0 mmol/L) in males; <50 mg/dL (1.3 mmol/L) in females |
| 4 |
Elevated blood pressure (antihypertensive drug treatment in a
patient with a history of hypertension is an alternate indicator) |
Systolic ≥130 and/or diastolic ≥85 mm Hg |
| 5 |
Elevated fasting glucose‡ (drug treatment of elevated glucose is
an alternate indicator) |
≥100 mg/dL |
(Circulation. 2009;120:1640-1645.)
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